Central

Equatorial Guinea

غينيا الاستوائيةGuinée équatoriale

Mission
In scope · Country file in preparation
Country file
Published, with sources · Last reviewed 2026-10-07

From within

Beyond the Punta Europa gas complex and the new capital Ciudad de la Paz, Equatorial Guinea comprises the island of Bioko, the mainland region of Río Muni and the island of Annobón.316

The country at a glance

Neighbours: Cameroon · Gabon · Nigeria · São Tomé & Príncipe

Overview

The country at a glance

Population
1.9 million peopleExact value: 1,938,431World Bank · 2025 · Estimate19
GDP
12.82 US$ bnWorld Bank · 202519
GDP per capita
6,615 US$World Bank · 202519
GDP growth
-5.8 %World Bank · 202519
Urban population
71.6 %World Bank · 2025 · Estimate19
Population under 15
37.1 %World Bank · 2025 · Estimate19

Country card

Official name
Republic of Equatorial Guinea
Capital
Ciudad de la Paz (formerly Oyala)
Region
Central
Location
Coastal
Neighbours
Cameroon · Gabon · Nigeria · São Tomé & Príncipe
More essential facts — 12 entries
Population
About 1.9 million people (estimate; no reference year stated)Estimate16
Hydrocarbons' share of exports
More than 90% of exports (World Bank memorandum; data year not stated)6
Hydrocarbons' share of GDP
About 46% of GDP (World Bank memorandum; data year not stated)6
Capital
Ciudad de la Paz (formerly Oyala) was declared the capital in January 2026, with institutions to be relocated within a yearData year: 20263
Area
About 28,051 km²: Bioko island, the mainland region of Río Muni, Annobón island and smaller islands16
Currency
The Central African CFA franc (XAF), pegged to the euro — Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC) and the Bank of Central African States (BEAC)16
Languages
Spanish, French and Portuguese are official languages16
Independence
12 October 1968, from SpainData year: 196816
Regional framework
Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC) · Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA)16
OPEC
OPEC member since 2017Data year: 201789
Religion
A Christian (Catholic) majority and a small Muslim minority (estimate; no reference year stated); the country is not a member of the Organisation of Islamic CooperationEstimate16
Time zone
UTC+116

The axes in brief

  1. People, society and culture
  2. Institutions and national direction
  3. Economy and sectors
  4. Saudi Arabia and Equatorial Guinea
  5. Media and editorial perspectives

Geographic context and connectivity

Island and mainland

The country comprises the island of Bioko, the mainland region of Río Muni, the island of Annobón and smaller islands. 16

Key places
  • Bioko: Malabo, the historic capital, the Punta Europa gas complex, volcanic peaks and rainforests.
  • Río Muni: Bata, the largest city and the mainland port, the forests of Monte Alén, and the new capital Ciudad de la Paz inland.
  • Annobón: a remote island in the ocean south of the equator.

389

Society

People, society and culture

Topics in this section: Religion · Living standards and social spending · Methodological note716

People & Society

Spanish, French and Portuguese are the official languages. 16

Religion

The majority is Catholic Christian, with a small Muslim minority (estimate; no reference year stated). Estimate16

The country is not a member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. 16

Living standards and social spending

Nearly half of the population lives below the national poverty line, and spending on health, education and social protection is about 2% of GDP, according to the World Bank (2025). 7

Methodological note

Population and religion data are estimates. Estimate16

Institutions

Institutions and national direction

Leadership

Section facts and information — 11 entries
Prime Minister
Manuel Osa Nsue Nsua, Prime Minister since August 2024 and former head of the National Bank of Equatorial Guinea (BANGE)Data year: 20242
President of the Republic
H.E. Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, in office since 1979; re-elected in 2022Data year: 20221
Vice President
Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue, Vice President1
Finance, Budget and Planning
Milagrosa Obono Angüe (according to Ecofin, June 2026; a single detailed source, to be verified against the official gazette)2
Economy, Trade, Industry and Investment
Jerónimo Carlos Osa Osa Nzang (according to Ecofin, June 2026; a single detailed source, to be verified against the official gazette)2
Hydrocarbons, Mines and Electricity
Antonio Oburu Ondo (according to Ecofin, June 2026; a single detailed source, to be verified against the official gazette); AEW (September 2026) titles him Minister of Hydrocarbons and Mining Development2
Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation
Simeón Oyono Esono Angue (according to Ecofin, June 2026; a single detailed source, to be verified against the official gazette)2
Announcement of the new capital
A presidential decree published on 3 January 2026Data year: 20263
Launch of the new-capital project
The project was launched in 2008 (formerly Oyala)Data year: 20083
The new capital
Ciudad de la Paz in Djibloho province3
Deadline for moving institutions
One year from January 2026Data year: 20263

Topics in this section: Leadership · Milestones 2024–2026 · Business-relevant facts12310111213

Leadership

President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo has led the country since 1979 and was re-elected in 2022; the Vice President is Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue. 1

The Prime Minister since August 2024 is Manuel Osa Nsue Nsua, a former head of the National Bank of Equatorial Guinea. 2

Milestones 2024–2026
  • August 2024: Manuel Osa Nsue appointed Prime Minister.
  • October 2025: meeting between HRH the Crown Prince and President Obiang in Riyadh (a meeting only; no agreements reported).
  • 3 January 2026: Ciudad de la Paz declared the capital of the country.
  • 16 June 2026: the government resigned after achieving about 10% of its targets, as reported by press sources.
  • 19 June 2026: the Prime Minister was reappointed.
  • 25 June 2026: a government of 58 members was formed.

2310111213

Business-relevant facts
  • Finance, Budget and Planning: Milagrosa Obono Angüe.
  • Economy, Trade, Industry and Investment: Jerónimo Carlos Osa Osa Nzang.
  • Hydrocarbons, Mines and Electricity: Antonio Oburu Ondo.
  • Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation: Simeón Oyono Esono Angue.
  • According to a single detailed source (Ecofin, June 2026); to be verified against the official gazette.

2

Institutions

Official bodies with their roles and official websites. Listing a body here does not make it a partner of the initiative.

Government and institutions 5

  • Presidency of the Republic and Vice Presidency

    Headed by President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (in office since 1979); the Vice President is Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue.

    1

  • Ministry of Finance, Budget and National Planning

    Minister: Milagrosa Obono Angüe (according to Ecofin, June 2026; a single source, to be verified against the official gazette)

    2

  • Ministry of Economy, Trade, Industry and Investment Promotion

    Minister: Jerónimo Carlos Osa Osa Nzang (according to Ecofin, June 2026; a single source, to be verified against the official gazette)

    2

+2 more

  • Ministry of Hydrocarbons, Mines and Electricity

    Minister: Antonio Oburu Ondo (according to Ecofin, June 2026; a single source, to be verified against the official gazette); AEW (September 2026) gives the title as Minister of Hydrocarbons and Mining Development

    2

  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs, International Cooperation and Diaspora

    Minister: Simeón Oyono Esono Angue (according to Ecofin, June 2026; a single source, to be verified against the official gazette); he delivered a written message from President Obiang to King Salman in December 2024

    210111213

Sectors and regulation 4

  • Office of the Prime Minister

    Headed by Prime Minister Manuel Osa Nsue Nsua (since August 2024).

    2

  • GEPetrol

    Oil: party to hydrocarbon contracts under the Hydrocarbons Law.

    18

  • Sonagas

    Gas: party to hydrocarbon contracts under the Hydrocarbons Law.

    18

+1 more

  • Bank of Central African States (BEAC)

    Exchange and transfers.

    1618

Media and statistics 3

  • Televisión de Guinea Ecuatorial (TVGE)

    Official television broadcasting.

    17

  • Radio Nacional

    Official radio broadcasting.

    17

  • Guinea Ecuatorial Press, the official news agency

    The official news agency.

    17

Other bodies 1

  • Asonga TV and Radio

    Private television and radio.

    17

Economy

Economy and sectors

Topics in this section: The brief · Income and living standards · Gas projects15678910111213

The brief

Under a President in place since 1979, a hydrocarbon-dependent economy whose GDP per capita fell between 2008 and 2023, with gas projects (Alen and Aseng), a non-financing IMF monitoring programme and political contacts with the Kingdom. Analysis1568910111213

The IMF projects a further contraction in 2026 and 2027. Forecast4

Income and living standards

GDP per capita fell from about US$14.2 thousand in 2008 to about US$5.5 thousand in 2023, while nearly half of the population lives below the national poverty line. 67

Gas projects

The gas «Mega Hub» at Punta Europa, the Alen and Aseng projects, and a licensing round for 24 blocks in 2026. Announced89

The IMF monitoring programme

A non-financing monitoring programme with the IMF, which completed its third review (December 2025). 5

Political contacts with the Kingdom

A meeting between HRH the Crown Prince and President Obiang (October 2025; a meeting only, no agreements reported), both countries' membership of OPEC and OPEC+, and bilateral trade of a few million riyals (Saudi exports of SAR 2.0 million and imports of SAR 2.3 million in 2025). 101112131415

What to watch
  • The results of the EG Ronda 2026 licensing round.
  • The final investment decision on the Aseng project (2026) and the Alen gas-monetisation project.
  • The performance of the government formed in June 2026.
  • The transfer of institutions to Ciudad de la Paz (one-year decree deadline; the pace is not verified and is stated as in progress).
  • The hydrocarbon-sector transparency report.

Analysis23589

A balanced reading

On one side, a currency pegged to the euro and gas projects; on the other, hydrocarbons that account for about 46% of GDP and more than 90% of exports (World Bank memorandum; data year not stated), falling oil output, and an IMF financing condition that includes a transparency report on the hydrocarbon sector. Analysis4568916

A partner in OPEC+

A member of OPEC since 2017 and, like the Kingdom, part of the OPEC+ framework. 8915

The gas «Mega Hub»

The Gas Mega Hub at Punta Europa (EG LNG), alongside the Alen gas-monetisation project. Announced89

Languages and regional frameworks

Spanish, French and Portuguese are official languages, and the country is a member of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC) and of OHADA. 16

Hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbons in 2025

Hydrocarbon output fell by 16.8% in 2025 (IMF), while the non-hydrocarbon sector grew by 2.3%. 4

Hydrocarbons account for about 46% of GDP (World Bank memorandum; data year not stated). 6

Changes in foreign investment

FDI fell from US$1.3 billion in 2022 to US$142 million in 2023, according to UNCTAD. 6

The IMF monitoring programme

A non-financing programme in which IMF staff monitor the authorities' programme. 5

All quantitative targets through June 2025 were met, and the 2026 budget was approved. 5

The next condition

A satisfactory track record, including publication of a transparency report on the hydrocarbon sector, before any possible financing. 5

Oil: production trends

Oil output was about 55 thousand barrels per day in 2023 (approximate), and ExxonMobil's exit when its licence expires (2026) was reported in 2023–2024. 89

Estimates differ between sources: Offshore Technology cites a peak of about 241 thousand barrels per day in 2010, while Petro-Logistics gives about 289 thousand barrels per day in 2015; the 2015 series is used here. 89

Gas and the «Mega Hub»

The Gas Mega Hub at Punta Europa (EG LNG), together with the Alen gas-monetisation project and the Aseng gas project with Chevron. Announced89

The complex

Punta Europa: the liquefied gas plant (EG LNG). 89

Alen

A gas-monetisation project. Announced89

Aseng

A gas project with Chevron worth about US$690 million (agreement in September 2025; final investment decision in 2026). Announced89

Export

A liquefied gas cargo from Punta Europa for ConocoPhillips (June 2025). 89

The 2026 round

EG Ronda 2026: 24 blocks offered. Announced89

The currency

The Central African CFA franc (XAF), pegged to the euro, within the framework of CEMAC and the Bank of Central African States (BEAC). 16

Annual inflation

Annual inflation according to the IMF (December 2025): 3.4% in 2024 and 2.8% in 2025. 4

Timber

Saudi imports from Equatorial Guinea were SAR 2.3 million in 2025, consisting of wood and wood charcoal. 14

Ciudad de la Paz

The new capital project was launched in 2008 (formerly Oyala, in Djibloho province), and the city was declared the capital by a presidential decree published on 3 January 2026, with institutions to relocate within one year. 3

An announced government project

An announced government project under way; the actual pace at which institutions move needs to be followed. Announced3

The investment environment: the rules as they stand
  • Legal framework: the OHADA uniform business law and the Hydrocarbons Law.
  • Hydrocarbon contracts: concluded under the Hydrocarbons Law with GEPetrol (oil) and Sonagas (gas).
  • Currency and trade: the Central African CFA franc, pegged to the euro; the common external tariff of CEMAC applies.

1618

Corporate tax and value-added tax

Corporate tax is 35% according to the general sources reviewed (to be confirmed with the Ministry of Finance), and value-added tax is 15% according to general sources (to be confirmed). 18

Energy

An «open door» policy of direct negotiation over blocks until the launch of the EG Ronda 2026 round. 18

Governance

IMF financing depends on a track record that includes a transparency report on the hydrocarbon sector. 5

Context

The President has been in office since 1979; the government resigned on 16 June 2026 and a new government was named on 25 June 2026. Analysis12

Language

Spanish, French and Portuguese are official languages. Analysis16

Geography

Malabo remains the main city and port in practice during the transition; Ciudad de la Paz is the new capital. Analysis3

Currency

The Central African CFA franc, pegged to the euro. Analysis16

Sectors and areas for cooperation

Established sectors

  • Crude oil

    About 55 thousand barrels per day (2023, approximate), against about 289 thousand barrels (2015, Petro-Logistics); Offshore Technology cites a peak of about 241 thousand in 2010. Estimates differ between sources.89

  • Liquefied gas

    The Punta Europa complex (EG LNG); a liquefied gas cargo for ConocoPhillips in June 2025.89

  • Timber

    Saudi imports from Equatorial Guinea were SAR 2.3 million in 2025, consisting of wood and wood charcoal.14

Analysis2

Applies to everything in this group: Announced.

  • The gas «Mega Hub»

    The Gas Mega Hub at Punta Europa (EG LNG), alongside the Alen gas-monetisation project.89

  • The EG Ronda 2026 licensing round

    24 blocks (April–November 2026).89

Areas worth studying4

Applies to everything in this group: Area worth studying, not a ready-made opportunity.

  • Gas and liquefied gas projects

    Documented gas projects and liquefied gas exports (Aseng, Alen and EG LNG).8918

  • Exploration through the EG Ronda 2026 round

    24 blocks are offered in a licensing round from April to November 2026; an open-door policy of direct negotiation over blocks applied until the round.8918

  • Timber

    Saudi imports from Equatorial Guinea consist of wood and wood charcoal.14

  • Ciudad de la Paz, the new capital

    The decree published on 3 January 2026 set a one-year deadline for relocating institutions; the transfer is stated as in progress.3

Real GDP growth in 2024: 0.9% according to the IMF (third review of the monitoring programme) against 1.7% according to the World Bank (via Capmad). The IMF figure was used in the chart.

Peak oil production: about 241 thousand barrels per day in 2010 (Offshore Technology) against 289 thousand barrels per day in 2015 (Petro-Logistics and Oilprice). The 2015 series was used in the chart and both figures are noted.

The latest figures for timber, fishing and agricultural output could not be verified for this edition.

The corporate and value-added tax rates come from general sources and are to be confirmed with the Ministry of Finance.

With Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia and Equatorial Guinea

Topics in this section: With the Kingdom · Saudi relations with Equatorial Guinea · Documented contacts101112131415

This section documents announced facts from their official sources, with dates and status, without assessment.

With the Kingdom

A memorandum on political consultations and a general cooperation agreement (2017). 10111213

Saudi relations with Equatorial Guinea

Political contacts at leader level (the 2025 contact was a meeting only, with no agreements reported) and joint membership of OPEC and the OPEC+ framework, alongside trade of a few million riyals and no published data on direct Saudi investment. Analysis101112131415

Documented contacts
  • A memorandum of understanding on political consultations (2017).
  • OPEC and the OPEC+ framework (joint membership).
  • A meeting on the sidelines of the Future Investment Initiative (October 2025; a meeting only, no agreements reported).

1011121315

In figures: trade

Saudi exports to Equatorial Guinea in 2025 were close to SAR 2.0 million; the source is DataSaudi (General Authority for Statistics). 14

A reading

Trade is small in both directions (Saudi exports of about SAR 2.0 million and imports of about SAR 2.3 million in 2025); the documented ties are political contacts and joint membership of OPEC and the OPEC+ framework. Analysis101112131415

The political channel

A reception of the President by the King in Jeddah (2017), a visit by the Saudi Foreign Minister to Malabo (2018) and a meeting with the Crown Prince on the sidelines of the Future Investment Initiative (2025; a meeting only, no agreements reported). 10111213

The energy channel

Both countries are members of OPEC and part of the OPEC+ framework. 15

The economic channel

Small trade (Saudi exports of about SAR 2.0 million and imports of about SAR 2.3 million in 2025, the imports being wood and wood charcoal); no Saudi Fund for Development financing was found in the sources reviewed. 14

Section facts and information — 10 entries
OPEC and OPEC+
Joint membership with the Kingdom in OPEC and OPEC+15
OPEC membership
A member of OPEC since 2017Data year: 201789
Saudi imports of timber
SAR 2.3 million in 2025Data year: 202514
Saudi exports, 2025
SAR 2.0 million in 2025Data year: 202514
Saudi imports, 2025
SAR 2.3 million in 2025, mainly timberData year: 202514
Composition of Saudi exports
Foodstuffs, fuel and chemicalsData year: 202514
Saudi exports: vegetable and fruit preparations
SAR 497 thousand in 2025Data year: 202514
Saudi exports: mineral fuels and oils
SAR 405 thousand in 2025Data year: 202514
Saudi exports: inorganic chemicals
SAR 378 thousand in 2025Data year: 202514
Direct Saudi investment
No published data on direct Saudi investment14

Milestones

  1. 2025

    2025-10-29

    HRH the Crown Prince meets President Obiang on the sidelines of the Future Investment Initiative in Riyadh (a meeting only; no agreements reported). · Unspecified 10111213

  2. 2024

    2024-12-09

    The Saudi Foreign Minister receives a written message from President Obiang to the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, delivered by the Equatorial Guinean Foreign Minister. · Unspecified 10111213

  3. 2018

    2018-01-10

    The Saudi Foreign Minister visits Malabo and meets President Obiang. · Unspecified 10111213

Earlier record (1)

  1. 2017

    2017-05-09

    The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques receives President Obiang at Al-Salam Palace in Jeddah; a memorandum of understanding on political consultations and a general cooperation agreement are signed. · Contracted 10111213

Records without a date

  • Equatorial Guinea becomes a member of OPEC (a member since 2017); the Kingdom and Equatorial Guinea are both OPEC members and part of the OPEC+ framework. · Unspecified 8915

What we do not know yet

  • The Saudi embassy accredited to Equatorial Guinea (most likely non-resident).
  • Any financing from the Saudi Fund for Development.
  • The outcomes of the October 2025 meeting.

Media

Media and editorial perspectives

Topics in this section: The media landscape · Official media · Private media17

The media landscape

State media, the private Asonga TV and Radio, and a limited independent press. 17

Official media

Televisión de Guinea Ecuatorial (TVGE), Radio Nacional and the official news agency Guinea Ecuatorial Press. 17

Private media

Asonga TV and Radio (private), and a limited independent press. 17

Context

International press-freedom rankings for the country are low and the independent press is limited, according to Reporters Without Borders (RSF). 17

Sources

Sources and updates

Sources cited on this page, numbered as they appear next to each item.

Last reviewed: 2026-10-07

This dossier is not legal, financial, investment or security advice. Equatorial Guinea is not the Republic of Guinea (Conakry) or Guinea-Bissau. Last fact-check: 5 October 2026.

This dossier is not legal, financial or investment advice, and it contains no confirmed commitments, partnerships or sponsorships. Version 1.0 — October 2026.

Political facts are presented as they appear in their sources, without assessment. Names should be re-checked against the official gazette before any contact.

Two sources differ on the title of the hydrocarbons ministry: Ecofin gives «Hydrocarbons, Mines and Electricity», while another source (African Energy Week, September 2026) describes it as «Hydrocarbons and Mining Development». The Ecofin title, based on a report of the government decree, was used.

The population of about 1.9 million is an estimate from a general reference; no recent census has been published. Population figures and religious shares are estimates.

Institution names follow the report on the formation of the government (Ecofin, June 2026), a single detailed source to be re-verified against the official gazette.

The pace at which institutions are moving to Ciudad de la Paz is in progress and has not been verified; Malabo remains in practice the main city and port during the transition.

No independent audience data on the media was relied on.

The visa regime for Saudi ordinary passports and flight routings have not been confirmed; they should be checked with the official bodies and airlines before booking. Last verified: 5 October 2026.

This dossier was prepared in this order: research, evidence documentation, analysis, editorial construction and writing, then a final check of fast-changing information. Main sources: DataSaudi (General Authority for Statistics), Asharq Al-Awsat and Okaz; the IMF (third review of the monitoring programme, February 2026) and the World Bank (2025); Ecofin, the Associated Press, Le360, World Oil, Offshore Technology and African Energy Week. No project files specific to Equatorial Guinea were supplied for this edition. Last fact-check: 5 October 2026.

Source register (19)
  1. 1

    Wikipedia; Jamaica Gleaner/AP (18 Jun 2026); Le360 (3 Jan 2026)

    Head of State — 03 Leadership

    Official · Published 2026-06-18 · Accessed 2026-10-05

    Cited in: The axes in brief: Economy & Investment · The brief · Context · The axes in brief: Institutional context · Institutional context · President of the Republic · Vice President · Presidency of the Republic and Vice Presidency

  2. 2

    Ecofin (22 & 25 Jun 2026); Ecomatin; Camer.be; Le360 (Aug 2024)

    Government — 03 Leadership

    Media · Published 2026-06-25 · Accessed 2026-10-05

    Cited in: What to watch · Context · The axes in brief: Institutional context · Institutional context · Prime Minister · Finance, Budget and Planning · Economy, Trade, Industry and Investment · Hydrocarbons, Mines and Electricity · Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation · Office of the Prime Minister · Ministry of Finance, Budget and National Planning · Ministry of Economy, Trade, Industry and Investment Promotion · Ministry of Hydrocarbons, Mines and Electricity · Ministry of Foreign Affairs, International Cooperation and Diaspora

  3. 3

    Le360 (Jan 2026); Burkina24

    New capital — 03 Leadership

    Media · Published 2026-01-03 · Accessed 2026-10-05

    Cited in: From within · Key places · What to watch · Ciudad de la Paz · An announced government project · Geography · The axes in brief: Institutional context · Institutional context · Capital · Announcement of the new capital · Launch of the new-capital project · The new capital · Deadline for moving institutions · Malabo · Ciudad de la Paz, the new capital

  4. 4

    IMF Country Report (3rd SMP review, Dec 2025; published Feb 2026); IMF PR 26/035

    IMF indicators (3 rd SMP review) — 07–08 Economy

    International · Published 2026-02-06 · Accessed 2026-10-05

    Cited in: The brief · A balanced reading · Hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbons in 2025 · Annual inflation · GDP, 2026 · Inflation, 2025 · Real GDP growth, 2023 · Real GDP growth, 2024 · Real GDP growth, 2026 · Real GDP growth, 2027 · World Bank estimate of 2024 growth · Hydrocarbon sector, 2025 · Non-hydrocarbon sector, 2025 · Overall fiscal balance, 2024 · Overall fiscal balance, 2026 · Public debt, 2024 · Public debt, 2026 · Annual inflation, 2024 · Projected inflation, 2026 · Annual oil output, 2024 · Hydrocarbon output, 2025 · Non-hydrocarbon sector growth

  5. 5

    IMF PR 26/035 (6 Feb 2026)

    IMF Staff-Monitored Program — 08 Public finance

    International · Published 2026-02-06 · Accessed 2026-10-05

    Cited in: The axes in brief: Economy & Investment · The brief · The IMF monitoring programme · What to watch · A balanced reading · The next condition · Governance · Third review of the monitoring programme · Debt ceiling target

  6. 6

    World Bank Economic Memorandum (Mar 2025) via Capmad; UNCTAD

    Long-run decline — 07 Economy

    International · Published 2025-03-04 · Accessed 2026-10-05

    Cited in: The axes in brief: Economy & Investment · The brief · Income and living standards · A balanced reading · Hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbons in 2025 · Changes in foreign investment · Hydrocarbons' share of exports · Hydrocarbons' share of GDP · Human Development Index · GDP per capita, 2023 · GDP per capita, 2008 · Foreign direct investment, 2022 · Foreign direct investment, 2023

  7. 7

    World Bank (24 Nov 2025)

    Poverty & jobs — 06 People

    International · Published 2025-11-24 · Accessed 2026-10-05

    Cited in: The axes in brief: People & Society · Living standards and social spending · The axes in brief: Economy & Investment · Income and living standards · Below the national poverty line · Workers in formal jobs

  8. 8

    Offshore Technology; World Oil (30 Sep 2025); AEW (2 Sep 2026); Oilprice (2023)

    Oil & gas — 10–11 Hydrocarbons

    Media · Published 2026-09-02 · Accessed 2026-10-05

    Cited in: Key places · The axes in brief: Economy & Investment · The brief · Gas projects · What to watch · A balanced reading · A partner in OPEC+ · The gas «Mega Hub» · Oil: production trends · Gas and the «Mega Hub» · The complex · Alen · Aseng · Export · The 2026 round · OPEC · Oil production, 2015 · Oil production, 2023 · Peak oil production · OPEC membership · Aseng gas project · LNG cargo · EG Ronda 2026 round · Liquefied natural gas plant · Equatorial Guinea becomes a member of OPEC (a member since 2017); the Kingdom and Equatorial Guinea are both OPEC members and part of the OPEC+ framework. · Crude oil · Liquefied gas · The EG Ronda 2026 licensing round · Gas and liquefied gas projects · Exploration through the EG Ronda 2026 round

  9. 9

    Offshore Technology; World Oil (30 Sep 2025); AEW (2 Sep 2026); Oilprice (2023)

    Oil & gas — 10–11 Hydrocarbons

    Media · Published 2026-09-02 · Accessed 2026-10-05

    Cited in: Key places · The axes in brief: Economy & Investment · The brief · Gas projects · What to watch · A balanced reading · A partner in OPEC+ · The gas «Mega Hub» · Oil: production trends · Gas and the «Mega Hub» · The complex · Alen · Aseng · Export · The 2026 round · OPEC · Oil production, 2015 · Oil production, 2023 · Peak oil production · OPEC membership · Aseng gas project · LNG cargo · EG Ronda 2026 round · Liquefied natural gas plant · Equatorial Guinea becomes a member of OPEC (a member since 2017); the Kingdom and Equatorial Guinea are both OPEC members and part of the OPEC+ framework. · Crude oil · Liquefied gas · The EG Ronda 2026 licensing round · Gas and liquefied gas projects · Exploration through the EG Ronda 2026 round

  10. 10

    Asharq Al-Awsat (2017

    High-level contacts — 18 Saudi relations

    Media · Published 2025-10-29 · Accessed 2026-10-05

    Cited in: The axes in brief: Economy & Investment · The brief · Political contacts with the Kingdom · The axes in brief: Relations with Saudi Arabia · With the Kingdom · Saudi relations with Equatorial Guinea · Documented contacts · A reading · The political channel · The axes in brief: Institutional context · Institutional context · HRH the Crown Prince meets President Obiang on the sidelines of the Future Investment Initiative in Riyadh (a meeting only; no agreements reported). · The Saudi Foreign Minister receives a written message from President Obiang to the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, delivered by the Equatorial Guinean Foreign Minister. · The Saudi Foreign Minister visits Malabo and meets President Obiang. · The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques receives President Obiang at Al-Salam Palace in Jeddah; a memorandum of understanding on political consultations and a general cooperation agreement are signed. · Ministry of Foreign Affairs, International Cooperation and Diaspora

  11. 11

    2018

    High-level contacts — 18 Saudi relations

    Media · Published 2025-10-29 · Accessed 2026-10-05

    Cited in: The axes in brief: Economy & Investment · The brief · Political contacts with the Kingdom · The axes in brief: Relations with Saudi Arabia · With the Kingdom · Saudi relations with Equatorial Guinea · Documented contacts · A reading · The political channel · The axes in brief: Institutional context · Institutional context · HRH the Crown Prince meets President Obiang on the sidelines of the Future Investment Initiative in Riyadh (a meeting only; no agreements reported). · The Saudi Foreign Minister receives a written message from President Obiang to the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, delivered by the Equatorial Guinean Foreign Minister. · The Saudi Foreign Minister visits Malabo and meets President Obiang. · The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques receives President Obiang at Al-Salam Palace in Jeddah; a memorandum of understanding on political consultations and a general cooperation agreement are signed. · Ministry of Foreign Affairs, International Cooperation and Diaspora

  12. 12

    Dec 2024)

    High-level contacts — 18 Saudi relations

    Media · Published 2025-10-29 · Accessed 2026-10-05

    Cited in: The axes in brief: Economy & Investment · The brief · Political contacts with the Kingdom · The axes in brief: Relations with Saudi Arabia · With the Kingdom · Saudi relations with Equatorial Guinea · Documented contacts · A reading · The political channel · The axes in brief: Institutional context · Institutional context · HRH the Crown Prince meets President Obiang on the sidelines of the Future Investment Initiative in Riyadh (a meeting only; no agreements reported). · The Saudi Foreign Minister receives a written message from President Obiang to the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, delivered by the Equatorial Guinean Foreign Minister. · The Saudi Foreign Minister visits Malabo and meets President Obiang. · The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques receives President Obiang at Al-Salam Palace in Jeddah; a memorandum of understanding on political consultations and a general cooperation agreement are signed. · Ministry of Foreign Affairs, International Cooperation and Diaspora

  13. 13

    Okaz (29 Oct 2025)

    High-level contacts — 18 Saudi relations

    Media · Published 2025-10-29 · Accessed 2026-10-05

    Cited in: The axes in brief: Economy & Investment · The brief · Political contacts with the Kingdom · The axes in brief: Relations with Saudi Arabia · With the Kingdom · Saudi relations with Equatorial Guinea · Documented contacts · A reading · The political channel · The axes in brief: Institutional context · Institutional context · HRH the Crown Prince meets President Obiang on the sidelines of the Future Investment Initiative in Riyadh (a meeting only; no agreements reported). · The Saudi Foreign Minister receives a written message from President Obiang to the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, delivered by the Equatorial Guinean Foreign Minister. · The Saudi Foreign Minister visits Malabo and meets President Obiang. · The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques receives President Obiang at Al-Salam Palace in Jeddah; a memorandum of understanding on political consultations and a general cooperation agreement are signed. · Ministry of Foreign Affairs, International Cooperation and Diaspora

  14. 14

    DataSaudi (GASTAT)

    Saudi–EG trade — 18 Saudi relations

    Official · Published 2026 · Accessed 2026-10-05

    Cited in: Political contacts with the Kingdom · Timber · The axes in brief: Relations with Saudi Arabia · Saudi relations with Equatorial Guinea · In figures: trade · A reading · The economic channel · Saudi imports of timber · Saudi exports, 2025 · Saudi imports, 2025 · Composition of Saudi exports · Saudi exports: vegetable and fruit preparations · Saudi exports: mineral fuels and oils · Saudi exports: inorganic chemicals · Direct Saudi investment

  15. 15

    OPEC; general reference

    Energy diplomacy — 18 Saudi relations

    International · Accessed 2026-10-05

    Cited in: Political contacts with the Kingdom · A partner in OPEC+ · The axes in brief: Relations with Saudi Arabia · Saudi relations with Equatorial Guinea · Documented contacts · A reading · The energy channel · OPEC and OPEC+ · Equatorial Guinea becomes a member of OPEC (a member since 2017); the Kingdom and Equatorial Guinea are both OPEC members and part of the OPEC+ framework.

  16. 16

    General reference; World Bank Data (country profile)

    Basic facts — 01/05 Snapshot & Geography

    International · Accessed 2026-10-05

    Cited in: From within · The axes in brief: People & Society · Island and mainland · Key places · Religion · Methodological note · A balanced reading · Languages and regional frameworks · The currency · The investment environment: the rules as they stand · Language · Currency · Population · Area · Languages · Independence · Regional framework · Time zone · Bank of Central African States (BEAC)

  17. 17

    Reporters Without Borders (RSF) country page; general reference

    Media landscape — 21 Media

    Media · Published 2026 · Accessed 2026-10-05

    Cited in: The axes in brief: Media & Stories · The media landscape · Official media · Private media · Context · Televisión de Guinea Ecuatorial (TVGE) · Radio Nacional · Guinea Ecuatorial Press, the official news agency · Asonga TV and Radio

  18. 18

    General reference; Offshore Technology

    Investment framework — 16 Investment

    Media · Accessed 2026-10-05

    Cited in: The investment environment: the rules as they stand · Corporate tax and value-added tax · Energy · Corporate income tax · Value-added tax · Legal framework · GEPetrol · Sonagas · Bank of Central African States (BEAC) · Gas and liquefied gas projects · Exploration through the EG Ronda 2026 round

  19. 19

    World Bank

    World Development Indicators: Equatorial Guinea

    International · Published 2026-07-13 · Accessed 2026-10-07

    Cited in: Population · GDP · GDP per capita · GDP growth · Urban population · Population under 15 · Life expectancy · Access to electricity · Internet users

Other countries in the region Central